Chloride, the major extracellular anion is an important electrolyte in the body. It helps maintain water balance inside and outside of the cell. Also helps maintain the blood volume of the body, pH of body fluids and blood pressure. The significant increase or decrease of Chloride in blood may indicate a disease that causes hypochloremia or hyperchloremia.
Chloride assay is often tested with other electrolytes to help diagnose signs and symptoms like diarrhea, prolonged vomiting and weakness. This test is often carried out using colorimetric method or ion-selective electrode method.
Colorimetric method makes use of mercuric thiocyanate and ferric nitrate to produce orange-brown thiocyanate complex. This method involves the reaction of the chloride with mercuric thiocyanate which will yield and produce mercuric chloride and thiocyanate anion. The thiocyanate anion produced from the first reaction then combines with iron to form ferric thiocyanate which is directly proportional with the amount of chloride present in the sample. The absorbance of the sample is read in 480 nm wavelength.
Procedure:
1. Transfer 0.5 ml of serum into two separate test tube
2. Add 15ml color reagent onto one of the tubes and then 15ml of reagent blank on the second tube
3. Shake the tubes as the reagent are added and then allow to stand for 10mins.
4. Set the spectrophotometer into 480nm with the blank and then read the absorbance of unknown
*the amount of the serum and reagent can be modified as long as the ratio between serum and reagent is 1:30.
normal values: 90-106 mEq/L
* values may differ slightly from laboratory to laboratory
Disease associated with...
Hyperchloremia (increased level of chloride in blood)
usually associated with excessive loss of fluid such as diarrhea. It can also occur with other problems that causes high sodium level such as kidney disease and cushing's syndrome. It may also be detected in metabolic acidosis characterized by loss of too much base in the body, Respiratory acidosis caused by hyperventilation and sometimes in overactivity of the parathyroid glands.
Hypochloremia (decreased level of chloride in blood)
occurs with prolonged vomiting or gastric suction, emphysema. May also occurs in respiratory acidosis caused by chronic lung disease and metabolic alkalosis characterized by loss of acid in the body.
0 comments:
Post a Comment